# Sermorelin References: The GHRH(1-29) Studies Cited on This Site

> Sermorelin references: the full citation list behind this GHRH(1-29) research digest — PubMed IDs and DOIs for every study cited on the mechanism, dosing, men/IGF-1, cognition, and safety pages.

The complete reference list behind this digest. Each entry carries its PubMed ID and DOI so any claim on the site can be traced to its source.

## How to read these sermorelin references

These are the sermorelin references cited across the site. Every quantitative claim — each dose, half-life, percentage, and trial result — maps to a numbered entry below. Human GH-axis studies and the pediatric efficacy trial carry the primary evidence; two 2025 reviews provide current synthesis; editorials are labeled as editorials, not as trial data. Where a body-composition or cognition figure comes from the stabilized analog tesamorelin rather than native sermorelin, the relevant page says so. The full list of [sermorelin study references](/references) follows.

## References

[1] Thorner M, Rochiccioli P, Colle M, Lanes R, Grunt J, Galazka A, Landy H, Eengrand P, Shah S. Once daily subcutaneous growth hormone-releasing hormone therapy accelerates growth in growth hormone-deficient children during the first year of therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1996;81(3):1189-96. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8772599/
[2] Corpas E, Harman SM, Pineyro MA, Roberson R, Blackman MR. Growth hormone (GH)-releasing hormone-(1-29) twice daily reverses the decreased GH and insulin-like growth factor-I levels in old men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;75(2):530-535. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1379256/
[3] Wilton P, Chardet Y, Danielson K, Widlund L, Gunnarsson R. Pharmacokinetics of growth hormone-releasing hormone(1-29)-NH2 and stimulation of growth hormone secretion in healthy subjects after intravenous or intranasal administration. Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1993;388:10-15. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8329825/
[4] Walker RF. Sermorelin: a better approach to management of adult-onset growth hormone insufficiency? Clin Interv Aging. 2006;1(4):307-308. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18046908/
[5] Blackman MR. Use of growth hormone secretagogues to prevent or treat the effects of aging: not yet ready for prime time. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(9):677-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18981489/
[6] Baker LD, Barsness SM, Borson S, Merriam GR, Friedman SD, Craft S, Vitiello MV. Effects of growth hormone-releasing hormone on cognitive function in adults with mild cognitive impairment and healthy older adults: results of a controlled trial. Arch Neurol. 2012;69(11):1420-1429. (SMART trial, NCT00257712.) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22869065/
[7] Veldhuis JD, Bowers CY. Determinants of GH-releasing hormone and GH-releasing peptide synergy in men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2009;296:E1085-92. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19240251/
[8] Veldhuis JD, et al. Age and secretagogue type jointly determine dynamic growth hormone responses to exogenous insulin-like growth factor-negative feedback in healthy men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:5542-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15531509/
[9] Russell-Aulet M, et al. In vivo semiquantification of hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) output in humans: evidence for relative GHRH deficiency in aging. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:3490-7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10522985/
[10] Bowers CY, Granda-Ayala R. Growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 response to acute and chronic growth hormone-releasing peptide-2, growth hormone-releasing hormone 1-44NH2 and in combination in older men and women with decreased growth hormone secretion. Endocrine. 2001;14:79-86. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11322505/
[11] Ericsson M, Bhuiyan H, Yousif B, et al. The intra-individual stability of GH biomarkers IGF-I and P-III-NP in relation to GHRH administration, menstrual cycle, and hematological parameters. Drug Test Anal. 2020;12:1620-1628. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33125822/
[12] Massoud AF, et al. Growth hormone (GH) autofeedback on GH response to GH-releasing hormone. Role of free fatty acids and somatostatin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991;72(2):492-499. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1671389/
[13] Lewinski A, et al. The Complex World of Regulation of Pituitary Growth Hormone Secretion: The Role of Ghrelin, Klotho, and Nesfatins in It. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;12:636403. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33776931/
[14] Granata R, Leone S, Zhang X, Gesmundo I, Steenblock C, Cai R, Sha W, Ghigo E, Hare JM, Bornstein SR, Schally AV. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and its analogues in health and disease. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2025;21. (Epub 2024 Nov 13.) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39537825/
[15] Gahete MD, et al. Central and peripheral regulation of the GH/IGF-1 axis: GHRH and beyond. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2025. (Epub 2024 Nov 22.) https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39579280/

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A two-value woodblock reading of the sermorelin record — the GHRH(1-29) findings in men, aging, sleep and cognition pressed into plain inked panels and each figure cut back to the study that measured it, the formerly-approved-then-withdrawn history set straight and the spot where the adult anti-aging data thin left openly uncut; no clinic behind the block and nothing here dosed, dispensed, or sold.